VERB PATTERNS - GERUND OR INFINITIVE?
CONTENTS
▪ 1. Verbs Followed by the Infinitive
▪ 2. Verbs Followed by the Gerund
▪ 3. Verbs Followed by Both the Gerund and the Infinitive
▪ 4. Verbs Followed by the Bare Infinitive
If there are two verbs after each other, the second verb is either the gerund (which is the ing-form) or the infinitive.
She wants to help us. | the infinitive |
We enjoy sailing. | the gerund |
There are no rules as to when to use which. There are verbs after which we use the infinitive, there are verbs after which we use the gerund.
1. VERBS FOLLOWED BY THE INFINITIVE
afford | We can't afford to buy a new car now. |
agree | Bob agreed to take the kids to shcool. |
arrange | We didn't arrange to meet, we met by chance. |
decide | I decided to learn English very well. |
deserve | This threat deserves to be taken seriously. |
fail | Frank failed to understand the problem. |
forget | I forgot to send you the e-mail. |
help | Drink this whisky. It'll help to forget that jerk. |
hope | Do you still hope to win the race. |
learn | Sam is ten years old, yet he hasn't learnt to say hello. |
manage | They managed to catch the 6.20 train. |
need | We need to talk. |
offer | He offered to help us. |
plan | They planned to move to the country. |
promise | She promised to call me back. |
refuse | Randy refused to lend money to us. |
try | I tried to lift the suitcase. |
want | I wanted to help them. |
2. VERBS FOLLOWED BY THE GERUND
admit | Paul admitted stealing the money. |
avoid | I avoid meeting my boss. |
can't help | I can't help sneezing. I have a flu. |
can't stand | She can't stand waiting. She's very impatient. |
deny | Zoe denied knowing about the plan. |
enjoy | I enjoy swimming. |
fancy | Do you fancy going to the cinema? |
finish | They've finished painting the house. |
give up | I'd like to, but I can't give up eating sweets. |
imagine | I can't imagine giving a speech to a lot of people. |
mind | I don't mind working in an office all day. |
postpone | We can't postpone cleaning these rooms any longer. |
practise | You must practise writing more. |
risk | I don't want to risk losing my job. |
spend | My son spent the whole weekend watching TV. |
stop | My wife will never stop complaining. |
report | Lots of people reported seeing the flying saucer. |
waste | You're just wasting your time reading this. |
After prepositional verbs, we have to use the gerund, too. This is a rule.
think of | I'm thinking of changing my job. |
admit to | Todd admitted to stealing the money. |
result in | He was late again, which resulted in losing his job. |
look forward to | I look forward to hearing from you. |
come round to | I'll never come round to answering my e-mails. |
succeeded in | I've succeeded in persuading him to come. |
object to | I object to your smoking. |
prevent from | I'll prevent Joe from selling his house. |
insist on | She insisted on finishing the job that day. |
3. VERBS FOLLOWED BY BOTH THE GERUND AND THE INFINITIVE
There are some verbs that can be followed by both the infinitive and the gerund, and there is no significant difference in meaning.
love | I love skiing / to ski. |
like | Do you like reading / to read? |
hate | I hate waiting / to wait. |
start | The child started crying / to cry. |
begin | We begin walking / to walk. |
After the verbs love, like, hate the gerund is more natural if we speak generally. If we are more specific, we can use the infinitive.
I love driving. | - general |
I love to drive when there's little traffic. | - specific |
After like, we can use the infitive if like does not mean enjoy.
I like to wash up the dishes immediately after dinner. | - We don't enjoy this, do we? |
I like to get my teeth checked by a dentist every now and then. | - It's not enjoyable, either. |
In the case of would like, would love and would hate, however, we can use only the infinitive.
I would like to help you, but I can't. |
Would you like to read this book? |
We would love to go to your party. |
I would hate to work here. |
Note: The rule above does not apply to other verbs that are followed by the gerund. We use the gerund in these sentences: I would stop working if I had more money., I wouldn't enjoy swimming so much.
4. VERBS FOLLOWED BY THE BARE INFINITIVE
There are a few verbs that are followed by an object and then a bare infinitive, an infinitive without to.
let sb do sg | I never let the kids eat sweets before lunch. |
make sb do sg | Todd made us do the job again. |
help sb (to) do sg | He helped me (to) understand the problem. |